Cov Hopper
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| Miller Herald King Decals HO H 191 MKT dk green PS Cov hopper 12 79 RR | |
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$6.99 Time Remaining: 28d 15h 52m Buy It Now for only: $6.99 |
| INTERMOUNTAIN 45103 Alberta Heritage NatlSteel 59 CylindCovHoppers w 6 s | |
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$29.99 (3 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 10m |
| HO DECALS HOLLY SUGAR COV HOPPER c1990 MICROSCALE NIP | |
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$3.99 Time Remaining: 27d 16h 54m Buy It Now for only: $3.99 |
| Accurail HO 1586 NYC 3 Bay Cov Hopper | |
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$10.40 Time Remaining: 18d 20h 22m Buy It Now for only: $10.40 |
| INTERMOUNTAIN 45104 Alberta Heritage NatlSteel 59 CylindCovHoppers w 5 s | |
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$36.99 (4 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 12m |
| Accurail HO 2087 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper BM | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 18d 23h 14m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| Accurail HO 2000 ACF 3 Bay Cov HopperUndec | |
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$13.65 Time Remaining: 27d 23h 9m Buy It Now for only: $13.65 |
| Funaro 8197 Reading XMph DS 36 ft Cocoa Bean CovHopper AB Brake KIT Hershey PA | |
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$39.99 Time Remaining: 27d 23h 59m Buy It Now for only: $39.99 |
| INTERMOUNTAIN 45211 TorHam Buffalo NatlSteel 59 CylindCovHoppers w 5 s | |
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$29.99 Time Remaining: 1h 14m |
| Accurail HO 2062 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper ACFX | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 6d 3h 9m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| Accurail HO 20011 ACF 3 Bay cov Hopper Data Only | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 15d 23h 18m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| Atlas TM HO 11273 SP PS 2 2 Bay Cov Hopper 401199 | |
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$13.95 Time Remaining: 24d 19h 4m Buy It Now for only: $13.95 |
| Chicago Great West P S 4427 CuFtCovGrain Hopper7105 ExactRail StkEP 80169 5 | |
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$27.99 Time Remaining: 4h 21m |
| Accurail HO 92055 RTR 3 Bay Cov Hopper IC | |
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$20.25 Time Remaining: 22d 22h 49m Buy It Now for only: $20.25 |
| Islington Station 231 039 Farmers Grain PS 4750 Cov Hopper | |
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$2.00 Time Remaining: 11d 3h Buy It Now for only: $2.00 |
| Accurail HO 20521 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper Family Lines | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 18d 23h 9m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| Chessie WM P S 4427 Cu FtCovGrain Hopper Car4674 ExactRail StkEP 80163 3 | |
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$28.99 Time Remaining: 3h 55m |
| Herald King Decal H 310 RFP 3 Bay PS Covd Hopper | |
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$4.35 Time Remaining: 23d 2h 41m Buy It Now for only: $4.35 |
| Accurail HO 2065 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper Cargill | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 18d 23h 10m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| Atlas N 50000503 TM Thrall Cov Hopper Rock Island | |
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$10.35 Time Remaining: 9d 20h 44m Buy It Now for only: $10.35 |
| Chessie WM P S 4427 Cu FtCovGrain Hopper Car4666 ExactRail StkEP 80163 2 | |
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$28.99 Time Remaining: 4h 3m |
| WATHERS BRACHS 40 AIRSLIDE SINGLE BAY COV HOPPER CAR 44826 NIP | |
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$14.40 Time Remaining: 2d 17h 44m Buy It Now for only: $14.40 |
| Accurail HO 2059 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper General Chemical | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 18d 23h 10m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| PROTO CONTINENTAL GRAIN CO PS2 HI SIDE COV HOPPER 6533 PROTO 21877 | |
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$13.50 Time Remaining: 4d 3h Buy It Now for only: $13.50 |
| Milwaukee Road P S 4427 CuFtCovGrain Hopper98591 ExactRail StkEP 80151 11 | |
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$29.99 Time Remaining: 4h 10m |
| Accurail HO 2089 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper Soo Line | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 18d 23h 14m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| Accurail HO 20232 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper CSX | |
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$13.90 Time Remaining: 15d 3h 4m Buy It Now for only: $13.90 |
| Plano Model Products N 255 55 ACF Cov Hopper Walkway | |
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$4.00 Time Remaining: 12d 23h 50m Buy It Now for only: $4.00 |
| Chessie WM P S 4427 Cu FtCovGrain Hopper Car4662 ExactRail StkEP 80163 1 | |
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$28.99 Time Remaining: 4h 12m |
| WATHERS BRACHS 50 AIRSLIDE COV HOPPER CAR 47475 NIP | |
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$13.50 Time Remaining: 2d 17h 49m Buy It Now for only: $13.50 |
| MODEL POWER DRG 36 2 BAY COV HOPPER ITEM 98069 HO SCALE | |
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$7.00 Time Remaining: 28d 19h 56m Buy It Now for only: $7.00 |
| HO SCALE CON COR PS 2 3 BAY COV HOPPER KIT SUTTON CO OPERATIVE | |
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$7.88 Time Remaining: 2h 58m |
| Islington Station 231 101 Mid Iowa Corp Covd Hopper | |
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$2.00 Time Remaining: 9d 22h 50m Buy It Now for only: $2.00 |
| Walthers Platinum Line 41213 HO Evans 4780 3 bay covd hopper remark EEC | |
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$24.95 Time Remaining: 29d 23h 30m Buy It Now for only: $24.95 |
| Accurail HO 2084 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper Continental Grai | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 18d 23h 13m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| HO SCALE CON COR PS 2 3 BAY COV HOPPER KIT SUTTON CO OPERATIVE | |
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$7.88 Time Remaining: 2h 59m |
| Islington Station 230 015 Anheuser Busch Cylendrical Cov Hopper | |
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$2.00 Time Remaining: 11d 3h 13m Buy It Now for only: $2.00 |
| Accurail HO 42005 UP 3 Bay CF Cov Hopper 3 pack | |
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$35.99 Time Remaining: 16d 7h 7m Buy It Now for only: $35.99 |
| Atlas HO 1983 2 3 Bay Cov Hopper Intern Min 51399 | |
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$21.95 Time Remaining: 22d 19h 21m Buy It Now for only: $21.95 |
| Chicago NW P S 4427 Cu FtCov Grain Hopper 170830ExactRail StkEP 80177 4 | |
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$29.99 Time Remaining: 4h 22m |
| Atlas HO 1983 1 3 Bay Cov Hopper Intern Min 51390 | |
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$21.95 Time Remaining: 22d 19h 21m Buy It Now for only: $21.95 |
| Funaro 8196 Reading XMph DS 36 ft Cocoa Bean CovHopper K Brake KIT Hershey PA | |
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$39.99 Time Remaining: 28d Buy It Now for only: $39.99 |
| Herald King Decal PR 46 TLDX FAR MAR CO Covd Hopper | |
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$4.35 Time Remaining: 4d 7h 39m Buy It Now for only: $4.35 |
| Chicago NW P S 4427 Cu FtCov Grain Hopper 170899 ExactRail StkEP 80177 6 | |
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$29.99 Time Remaining: 4h 24m |
| PROTO CONTINENTAL GRAIN CO PS2 HI SIDE COV HOPPER 6389 PROTO 21877 | |
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$13.50 Time Remaining: 4d 3h 3m Buy It Now for only: $13.50 |
| Atlas TM HO 11283 UP PS 2 2 Bay Cov Hopper 11422 | |
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$13.95 Time Remaining: 16d 6h 25m Buy It Now for only: $13.95 |
| Miller Herald King Decals HO HH 20 North Western dk gr PS Cov Hopper RR | |
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$6.99 Time Remaining: 28d 15h 52m Buy It Now for only: $6.99 |
| Chicago NW P S 4427 Cu FtCov Grain Hopper 170881 ExactRail StkEP 80177 5 | |
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$29.99 Time Remaining: 4h 25m |
| Miller Herald King Decals HO L 124 Missouri Pacific grey 3 bay cov hopper SS | |
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$6.99 Time Remaining: 28d 16h 46m Buy It Now for only: $6.99 |
| Accurail HO 2051A ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper ACFX 27994 | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 9d 20h 51m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| WATHERS BRACHS 50 AIRSLIDE COV HOPPER CAR 47476 NIP | |
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$13.50 Time Remaining: 2d 17h 52m Buy It Now for only: $13.50 |
| N Scale Atlas 47 CovHopper Car | |
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$5.00 Time Remaining: 1d 20h 52m |
| Atlas N 50000031 TM Thrall Cov Hopper NOKL | |
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$9.25 Time Remaining: 7d 10h 12m Buy It Now for only: $9.25 |
| Accurail HO 2076 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper Cotton Belt | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 13d 6h 24m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| HO Scale Atlas Trainman PS2 Cov Hopper NYC 883156 | |
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$12.49 Time Remaining: 18d 5h 38m Buy It Now for only: $12.49 |
| MDC CNW 35 Cov Hopper Cement Gray CNW Employee Owned 95290 From 12 Pak | |
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$7.50 Time Remaining: 3d 5h 36m |
| Herald King Decal H 701 Conrail CR Covd Hopper 1 77 | |
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$4.35 Time Remaining: 23d 2h 42m Buy It Now for only: $4.35 |
| Atlas N 50000499 TM Thrall Cov Hopper Peavey Grain | |
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$10.35 Time Remaining: 9d 20h 44m Buy It Now for only: $10.35 |
| LOT of 2 Atlas N Scale 3724 Cov Hopper Reading 3720 Cov Hop Union Pacific | |
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$4.99 Time Remaining: 2d 23h 6m |
| Accurail HO 2091 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper AGP | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 27d 4h 8m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| ATLAS PRIVATE OWNERS ACF CYLINDRICAL COVHOPPER 6 PAK 3 | |
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$124.95 Time Remaining: 7d 5h 28m Buy It Now for only: $124.95 |
| Accurail HO 2071 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper GMO | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 19d 17h 37m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| N Trix 48 ACF Center Flow 4 bay cov hopper in GN colors w I m TC | |
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$5.50 Time Remaining: 2d 23h 55m |
| Bowser HO 55879 Norfolk Western 70 Ton 2 Bay Cov Hopper 291168 | |
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$11.99 Time Remaining: 23d 8h 26m Buy It Now for only: $11.99 |
| Atlas HO 20000071 BNFS 3 Bay CF Cov Hopper | |
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$25.99 Time Remaining: 16d 7h 14m Buy It Now for only: $25.99 |
| Accurail HO 2080 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper GN | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 18d 23h 12m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| INTERMOUNTAIN 45121 Saskatchewan NatlSteel 59 CylindCovHoppers w 9 s | |
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$31.99 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 4h 8m |
| O DECALS ATSF 40 50 AIRSLIDE COV HOPPER MICROSCAL NIP | |
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$4.99 Time Remaining: 19d 16h 15m Buy It Now for only: $4.99 |
| Islington Station 231 201 GATX Ribbed Cov Hopper | |
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$2.00 Time Remaining: 9d 22h 50m Buy It Now for only: $2.00 |
| HO DECALS POLYSAR ACF COV HOPPER c1979 MICROSCALE NIP | |
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$3.99 Time Remaining: 24d 15h 53m Buy It Now for only: $3.99 |
| INTERMOUNTAIN 45102 Red Canada NatlSteel 59 CylindCovHopper Cars w 8 s | |
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$31.99 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 4h 11m |
| Accurail HO 2088 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper SP | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 18d 23h 14m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| Herald King Decal H 364 PC 2 Bay PS Covd Hopper4 75 | |
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$4.35 Time Remaining: 23d 2h 42m Buy It Now for only: $4.35 |
| Bowser HO 56147 3 pk70 Ton 2 Bay Cov Hopper NB 3655 3670 3662 | |
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$38.97 Time Remaining: 27d 19h 8m Buy It Now for only: $38.97 |
| INTERMOUNTAIN 45202 CNEnvironMode NatlSteel 59 CylindCovHoppers w 18 s | |
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$31.99 Time Remaining: 4d 4h 13m |
| Atlas O GW Operation Lifesaver Cov Hopper 3 rail | |
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$54.95 Time Remaining: 17d 1h 16m Buy It Now for only: $54.95 |
| Accurail HO 20432 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper Montana Rail | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 18d 22h 12m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
| Herald King Decal H 281 LN Covd Hopper 3 73 | |
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$4.35 Time Remaining: 23d 2h 41m Buy It Now for only: $4.35 |
| PROTO 2000 4427 COVHOPPER KIT MILW 97691 | |
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$13.00 Time Remaining: 1d 8h 13m |
| Atlas HO 20000072 BNSF 3 Bay CF Cov Hopper | |
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$25.99 Time Remaining: 16d 7h 14m Buy It Now for only: $25.99 |
| Accurail HO 2045 ACF 3 Bay Cov Hopper Engelhard ACFX | |
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$13.75 Time Remaining: 10d 22h 27m Buy It Now for only: $13.75 |
Plumbing - The Waste System
In modern plumbing systems, the pipes which carry used water away from baths, basins, WCs, bidets and showers have traps often called U-bends full of water. The water in these traps prevents smells from the sewers getting into the house - in Victorian times, this 'drain air' was thought to be directly responsible for a number of diseases. Even if this is not the case, smells from sewers are at least unpleasant. On a WC, the water trap is part of the fitting; in other cases, it is part of the outlet waste pipe.
Single-stack systems
Most houses built since about I960 have a single-stack waste system. The branch pipes from the U-bend traps, attached to baths, basins, WCs and so on in the upper storeys of the house, connect into a single pipe usually 100mm in diameter - called a discharge pipe, soil pipe or soil-stack -which runs vertically down the side of (or through) the house. The top of this pipe should terminate outside the building, not less than 900mm above the top of any opening windows (unless a relief valve is fitted). The bottom is connected directly into the house drainage system - it has no trap in it.
When designing a waste system, care has to be taken to ensure that the water in the traps cannot be sucked out so breaking the seal against smells. This can happen if waste water rushes through the branch pipe leading from the trap (or through other pipes connected to this branch) quickly enough to create suf¬ficient suction to pull the water out of the trap. To guard against unsealing, the top of the soil-stack is left open. It should, however, be fitted with a cage to stop birds nesting in it and stopping up the open end. (Technically, the length of pipe above the highest branch connection to it is called a vent pipe.) In the single-stack waste system, there are other design con¬straints - the slope, length and diameter of branch pipes, the position of their con¬nections to the soil-stack, and the radius of the bend at the foot of the soil-stack all have to be worked out carefully in order to meet the requirements of the Building Regulations.
WCs at ground-floor level may also be connected to the soil-stack but are more usually connected directly to the drain. Other ground-floor waste pipes will prob¬ably discharge into a back-inlet gully or through the grid of an open gully. A gully is basically a water trap with the top open to the air at ground level and an outlet connected to the house drains. The gully should be fitted with a grid to prevent leaves and other things blocking it. The waste pipes enter the gully below the level of the grid but above the level of the water in the gully trap either by simply passing through a hole cut in the top of the grid, or by being connected to an inlet forming part of the gully. When this inlet is at the back of the gully (the front of the grid is where the outlet is) it is called a back-inlet gully; when the inlet is at the side, it is called, not surprisingly, a side-inlet gully.
Extending a single-stack waste system will mean joining into the main soil pipe. This is usually fairly simple, provided the pipe is plastic.
Two-pipe system
Many older houses have a two-pipe waste system with WCs connected into one vertical soil pipe, and other wastes (baths, basin and bidets) connected into a separate vertical waste pipe. This system calls for less careful design of slopes and connections, but the vertical pipes still need to be vented to the air.
An existing two-pipe system can be extended by allowing extra waste pipes from upstairs rooms to discharge into the hopper head and ground-floor wastes to be led to the gully. This is clearly much simpler than having to cut into the side of the vertical soil or waste pipe - particu¬larly a cast-iron one.
In the two-pipe system, the soil pipe is connected directly to the drains, and the waste pipe is connected via a trapped gully, which usually takes the waste pipe from the kitchen sink.
REGULATIONS
Most plumbing and waste work is cov¬ered by regulations designed to ensure that the results of the work are not a danger to health and do not lead to undue consumption, misuse, contamination or waste of water.
Building Regulations
The Building Regulations (and their equivalents in Northern Ireland and Scotland) control the way waste systems are designed. You should give notice of your plans to do anything to the waste system in your house (apart from straightforward repair or replace¬ment). Ask the local authority for infor¬mation about the person to contact-in England and Wales it is the Building Control Officers of your Borough or District Council.
The general requirement of the Regulations is that the systems carrying foul water (WC waste and water which has been used for cooking and wash¬ing) and for carrying rain-water away from the house shall be 'adequate'. What this means is explained in the Approved Document for part H; most manufacturers of soil/waste equipment give guidance in their literature.
Water By-laws
Because there are differences in the type of water supplied to different areas of the country, each local water supply undertaking can issue its own water by¬laws - though these are normally based on the Model Water By-laws. You should give notice of your plans for certain plumbing work before it is started, including installing a bidet, flushing cistern or a tap for a hose or making a connection to the rising main.
The Water By-laws cover such things as: the size of storage cisterns and the position of inlets, outlets and over¬flows: the provision of stop taps and drain taps; the protection of pipes against frost damage, corrosion and vibration; and, most importantly, the design of the system so that there is no possibility of the supply becoming con¬taminated, particularly by back-siphonage. To make sure that any work complies fully, it is essential to read (and follow) the local water undertak¬ing's by-laws, which are normally sup¬plied free.
About the Author
You can also learn how to install a self-rimming sink and how to choose a toilet seat among hundreds of brands.
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